With the increasing demand for environmentally safe cosmetic products driven by regulatory restrictions and growing public awareness of the environmental impact of microplastics, the development of biodegradable alternatives from renewable resources has become a major research focus. Carbohydrate-based polymers represent particularly attractive candidates due to their biodegradability, abundance, renewability, and structural versatility. In this work, microparticles based on starch, chitosan, and carboxymethylcellulose were produced using different processing and chemical modification strategies to obtain micrometric particles with tailored structural and rheological properties. In parallel, a formulation strategy was developed to establish a sustainable Pickering emulsion platform capable of incorporating and exploiting the functional properties of the synthesized biodegradable microparticles. Microparticles derived from native and chemically modified tapioca starch exhibited good compatibility with the optimized emulsion system, while preserving pseudoplastic flow behavior and inducing controlled modifications of the droplet size distribution. These results demonstrate that starch-based microparticles can effectively act as co-stabilizers and structure-modifying agents in sustainable cosmetic emulsions. In contrast, chitosan- and carboxymethylcellulose-based microparticles did not provide satisfactory texture or stabilization under the investigated conditions, indicating the need for further optimization and deeper investigation of their interfacial behavior and formulation compatibility. Overall, the results highlight the potential of modified polysaccharide microparticles, especially those based on starch, as effective biodegradable substitutes for traditional microplastics. This allows for high-performance cosmetic products that meet environmental sustainability standards and regulatory demands.

Con la crescente domanda di prodotti cosmetici ambientalmente sicuri, guidata dalle restrizioni normative e dalla crescente consapevolezza pubblica dell’impatto ambientale delle microplastiche, lo sviluppo di alternative biodegradabili a partire da risorse rinnovabili è diventato un importante ambito di ricerca. I polimeri a base di carboidrati rappresentano candidati particolarmente interessanti grazie alla loro biodegradabilità, abbondanza, rinnovabilità e versatilità strutturale. In questo lavoro, microparticelle a base di amido, chitosano e carbossimetilcellulosa sono state prodotte mediante differenti strategie di processo e di modifica chimica, al fine di ottenere particelle micrometriche con proprietà strutturali e reologiche opportunamente modulate. Parallelamente, è stata sviluppata una strategia formulativa per realizzare una piattaforma sostenibile di emulsioni di Pickering, in grado di incorporare e sfruttare le proprietà funzionali delle microparticelle biodegradabili sintetizzate. Le microparticelle derivate da amido di tapioca, sia nativo sia chimicamente modificato, hanno mostrato una buona compatibilità con il sistema emulsivo ottimizzato, preservando un comportamento di flusso pseudoplastico e inducendo modifiche controllate nella distribuzione dimensionale delle gocce. Questi risultati dimostrano che le microparticelle a base di amido possono agire efficacemente come co-stabilizzanti e agenti modificatori della struttura in emulsioni cosmetiche sostenibili. Al contrario, le microparticelle a base di chitosano e carbossimetilcellulosa non hanno fornito una texture o una stabilizzazione soddisfacenti nelle condizioni investigate, indicando la necessità di ulteriori ottimizzazioni e di un’analisi più approfondita del loro comportamento interfacciale e della compatibilità formulativa. Nel complesso, i risultati evidenziano il potenziale delle microparticelle polisaccaridiche modificate, in particolare quelle a base di amido, come efficaci sostituti biodegradabili delle microplastiche tradizionali, consentendo lo sviluppo di prodotti cosmetici ad alte prestazioni in linea con i requisiti di sostenibilità ambientale e le normative vigenti.

Spena, F (2026). Investigation of natural-derived materials as substitutes for synthetic ingredients in cosmetic formulations. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2026).

Investigation of natural-derived materials as substitutes for synthetic ingredients in cosmetic formulations

SPENA, FRANCESCA
2026

Abstract

With the increasing demand for environmentally safe cosmetic products driven by regulatory restrictions and growing public awareness of the environmental impact of microplastics, the development of biodegradable alternatives from renewable resources has become a major research focus. Carbohydrate-based polymers represent particularly attractive candidates due to their biodegradability, abundance, renewability, and structural versatility. In this work, microparticles based on starch, chitosan, and carboxymethylcellulose were produced using different processing and chemical modification strategies to obtain micrometric particles with tailored structural and rheological properties. In parallel, a formulation strategy was developed to establish a sustainable Pickering emulsion platform capable of incorporating and exploiting the functional properties of the synthesized biodegradable microparticles. Microparticles derived from native and chemically modified tapioca starch exhibited good compatibility with the optimized emulsion system, while preserving pseudoplastic flow behavior and inducing controlled modifications of the droplet size distribution. These results demonstrate that starch-based microparticles can effectively act as co-stabilizers and structure-modifying agents in sustainable cosmetic emulsions. In contrast, chitosan- and carboxymethylcellulose-based microparticles did not provide satisfactory texture or stabilization under the investigated conditions, indicating the need for further optimization and deeper investigation of their interfacial behavior and formulation compatibility. Overall, the results highlight the potential of modified polysaccharide microparticles, especially those based on starch, as effective biodegradable substitutes for traditional microplastics. This allows for high-performance cosmetic products that meet environmental sustainability standards and regulatory demands.
COLOMBO, MIRIAM
cosmetica; sostenibilità; polisaccaridi; formulazioni green; microplastiche
Green formulation; Sustainability; Microplastics; Cosmetic; Polysaccharides
English
12-giu-2026
38
2024/2025
open
Spena, F (2026). Investigation of natural-derived materials as substitutes for synthetic ingredients in cosmetic formulations. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2026).
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/611685
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