This doctoral research focuses on the synthesis and characterization of organic materials for edible electronics, aiming to contribute to the development of fully ingestible electronic devices. The work integrates principles of green chemistry, biocompatibility, and sustainable electronics to design materials that are both functional and safe for ingestion. A central objective was the development of new semiconducting materials derived from naturally occurring molecules, particularly carotenoids. These compounds offer inherent biocompatibility, providing a promising pathway toward edible semiconductors without relying on conventional synthetic monomers. The synthesized materials were thoroughly characterized to assess their structural, optical, and electronic properties, establishing a foundation for their potential integration into edible devices. The study also addressed the biocompatibility limitations of common organic electronic scaffolds, such as polythiophenes and isoindigo derivatives. Traditional scaffolds often use polyethylene glycol (PEG) side chains, which, while aiding solubility and processability, present challenges for edibility and biodegradability. Alternative side chains based on oligodimethylacrylamide (ODMA) and oligosarcosine were designed to preserve electronic performance while improving biocompatibility, aligning with the overall goal of ingestible electronics. Finally, the research explored greener synthetic approaches for palladium(0)-based catalysts, widely employed in the polymerization of semiconductors. Optimizing these catalysts reduces residual palladium impurities in the final polymers, mitigating toxicity concerns and environmental impact. In summary, this dissertation presents an integrated strategy for edible electronics, combining naturally derived semiconductors, biocompatible polymer modifications, and greener catalytic processes. The outcomes provide a foundation for sustainable, transient, and fully edible electronic devices, advancing the frontier of functional, safe, and environmentally responsible materials.
Questo lavoro di dottorato si concentra sulla sintesi e caratterizzazione di materiali organici per l’elettronica edibile, con l’obiettivo di contribuire allo sviluppo di dispositivi elettronici completamente ingeribili. Il lavoro integra i principi della chimica verde, della biocompatibilità e dell’elettronica sostenibile per progettare materiali funzionali e sicuri per l’ingestione. Un obiettivo centrale è stato lo sviluppo di nuovi materiali semiconduttori derivati da molecole presenti in natura, in particolare i carotenoidi. Questi composti offrono biocompatibilità intrinseca, rappresentando un percorso promettente verso semiconduttori edibili senza fare affidamento su monomeri sintetici convenzionali. I materiali sintetizzati sono stati caratterizzati approfonditamente per valutarne le proprietà strutturali, ottiche ed elettroniche, fornendo una base per la loro futura integrazione in dispositivi edibili. Lo studio ha inoltre affrontato i limiti di biocompatibilità degli scaffold elettronici organici più comuni, come i politifeni e i derivati dell’isoindaco. Gli scaffold tradizionali utilizzano spesso catene laterali a base di polietilenglicole (PEG), che, sebbene migliorino solubilità e processabilità, presentano problemi in termini di edibilità e biodegradabilità. Sono state progettate catene laterali alternative basate su oligodimetilacrilammide (ODMA) e oligosarcosina, in grado di preservare le prestazioni elettroniche migliorando la biocompatibilità, in linea con l’obiettivo complessivo dell’elettronica ingeribile. Infine, la ricerca ha esplorato approcci più sostenibili per la sintesi di catalizzatori a base di palladio(0), ampiamente impiegati nella polimerizzazione dei semiconduttori. L’ottimizzazione di questi catalizzatori riduce le impurità residue di palladio nei polimeri finali, limitando i rischi tossicologici e l’impatto ambientale. In sintesi, questa tesi presenta una strategia integrata per l’elettronica edibile, combinando semiconduttori derivati da fonti naturali, modifiche biocompatibili dei polimeri e processi catalitici più sostenibili. I risultati offrono una base per dispositivi elettronici sostenibili, transitori e completamente edibili, contribuendo allo sviluppo di materiali funzionali, sicuri e rispettosi dell’ambiente.
Fratepietro, A (2026). From Green Chemistry to Edible Devices: Synthesising Safer and Functional Materials for Electronic Applications. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2026).
From Green Chemistry to Edible Devices: Synthesising Safer and Functional Materials for Electronic Applications
FRATEPIETRO, ANNAPIA
2026
Abstract
This doctoral research focuses on the synthesis and characterization of organic materials for edible electronics, aiming to contribute to the development of fully ingestible electronic devices. The work integrates principles of green chemistry, biocompatibility, and sustainable electronics to design materials that are both functional and safe for ingestion. A central objective was the development of new semiconducting materials derived from naturally occurring molecules, particularly carotenoids. These compounds offer inherent biocompatibility, providing a promising pathway toward edible semiconductors without relying on conventional synthetic monomers. The synthesized materials were thoroughly characterized to assess their structural, optical, and electronic properties, establishing a foundation for their potential integration into edible devices. The study also addressed the biocompatibility limitations of common organic electronic scaffolds, such as polythiophenes and isoindigo derivatives. Traditional scaffolds often use polyethylene glycol (PEG) side chains, which, while aiding solubility and processability, present challenges for edibility and biodegradability. Alternative side chains based on oligodimethylacrylamide (ODMA) and oligosarcosine were designed to preserve electronic performance while improving biocompatibility, aligning with the overall goal of ingestible electronics. Finally, the research explored greener synthetic approaches for palladium(0)-based catalysts, widely employed in the polymerization of semiconductors. Optimizing these catalysts reduces residual palladium impurities in the final polymers, mitigating toxicity concerns and environmental impact. In summary, this dissertation presents an integrated strategy for edible electronics, combining naturally derived semiconductors, biocompatible polymer modifications, and greener catalytic processes. The outcomes provide a foundation for sustainable, transient, and fully edible electronic devices, advancing the frontier of functional, safe, and environmentally responsible materials.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: Tesi di Fratepietro Annapia - 872597
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Doctoral thesis
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