In recent decades, the growing awareness of the environmental impact of human activities has stimulated the search for sustainable strategies for waste treatment and pollution mitigation. Among the most promising solutions are bioremediation and biovalorization, which exploit the catalytic potential of enzymes to convert organic waste into high-value products while reducing environmental impact. This doctoral thesis lies within the field of computational bioinorganic chemistry and aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the enzymatic degradation and transformation of recalcitrant substrates such as plastics, hydrocarbons, and biomass. To achieve this goal, a multiscale computational approach was developed, integrating molecular docking, classical molecular dynamics, and density functional theory to investigate enzyme–substrate interactions, catalytic mechanisms, and structure–function relationships. This combination made it possible to analyze the entire catalytic process, from substrate recognition to electronic transformations at the active site, providing theoretical tools for the rational design of efficient biocatalysts. The research is divided into two main sections. The first part focuses on degradative enzymes active on non-biodegradable polymers: simulations on FAST-PETase and laccases provided new insights into depolymerization and oxidation mechanisms, highlighting structural factors governing enzyme–substrate complex stability. The second part concerns metalloenzymes involved in the valorization of renewable biomass, such as cytochrome P450SPα and Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase SmAA10, emphasizing the role of structural flexibility in modulating catalytic activity. Overall, this thesis demonstrates that the integration of multiscale computational methodologies represents an effective tool for understanding and optimizing enzymatic catalysis, contributing to the development of sustainable technologies aligned with the principles of the circular economy.

Negli ultimi decenni, la crescente consapevolezza dell’impatto ambientale delle attività antropiche ha stimolato la ricerca di strategie sostenibili per il trattamento dei rifiuti e la mitigazione dell’inquinamento. Tra le soluzioni più promettenti figurano il biorisanamento e la biovalorizzazione, che sfruttano il potenziale catalitico degli enzimi per convertire i rifiuti organici in prodotti ad alto valore aggiunto, riducendo al contempo l’impatto ambientale. La presente tesi si colloca nell’ambito della bioinorganica computazionale, con l’obiettivo di chiarire i meccanismi molecolari alla base della degradazione e trasformazione enzimatica di substrati recalcitranti quali plastiche, idrocarburi e biomasse. A tal fine è stato sviluppato un approccio computazionale multiscala, che integra molecular docking, dinamica molecolare classica e teoria del funzionale della densità per investigare le interazioni enzima–substrato, i meccanismi catalitici e le relazioni struttura–funzione. Tale combinazione ha permesso di analizzare l’intero processo catalitico, dal riconoscimento del substrato fino alle trasformazioni elettroniche nel sito attivo, fornendo strumenti teorici per la progettazione razionale di biocatalizzatori efficienti. La ricerca è articolata in due sezioni principali. La prima parte riguarda enzimi degradativi attivi su polimeri non biodegradabili: le simulazioni su FAST-PETase e laccasi hanno fornito nuove informazioni sui meccanismi di depolimerizzazione e ossidazione, evidenziando i fattori strutturali che regolano la stabilità del complesso enzima–substrato. La seconda parte è dedicata a metalloenzimi coinvolti nella valorizzazione di biomasse rinnovabili, quali citocromo P450SPα e Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase SmAA10, evidenziando il ruolo della flessibilità strutturale nella modulazione dell’attività catalitica. Nel complesso, la tesi dimostra come l’integrazione di metodologie computazionali multiscala rappresenti un efficace strumento per comprendere e ottimizzare la catalisi enzimatica, contribuendo allo sviluppo di tecnologie sostenibili in linea con i principi dell’economia circolare.

Orlando, C (2026). Multiscale Molecular Modelling Studies of Enzymes for the Degradation of NonBiodegradable and Biodegradable Substrates. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2026).

Multiscale Molecular Modelling Studies of Enzymes for the Degradation of NonBiodegradable and Biodegradable Substrates

ORLANDO, CARLA
2026

Abstract

In recent decades, the growing awareness of the environmental impact of human activities has stimulated the search for sustainable strategies for waste treatment and pollution mitigation. Among the most promising solutions are bioremediation and biovalorization, which exploit the catalytic potential of enzymes to convert organic waste into high-value products while reducing environmental impact. This doctoral thesis lies within the field of computational bioinorganic chemistry and aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the enzymatic degradation and transformation of recalcitrant substrates such as plastics, hydrocarbons, and biomass. To achieve this goal, a multiscale computational approach was developed, integrating molecular docking, classical molecular dynamics, and density functional theory to investigate enzyme–substrate interactions, catalytic mechanisms, and structure–function relationships. This combination made it possible to analyze the entire catalytic process, from substrate recognition to electronic transformations at the active site, providing theoretical tools for the rational design of efficient biocatalysts. The research is divided into two main sections. The first part focuses on degradative enzymes active on non-biodegradable polymers: simulations on FAST-PETase and laccases provided new insights into depolymerization and oxidation mechanisms, highlighting structural factors governing enzyme–substrate complex stability. The second part concerns metalloenzymes involved in the valorization of renewable biomass, such as cytochrome P450SPα and Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase SmAA10, emphasizing the role of structural flexibility in modulating catalytic activity. Overall, this thesis demonstrates that the integration of multiscale computational methodologies represents an effective tool for understanding and optimizing enzymatic catalysis, contributing to the development of sustainable technologies aligned with the principles of the circular economy.
GRECO, CLAUDIO
BERTINI, LUCA
Metallo enzimi; Bioinorganica; Computazionale; Teorica; Biovalorizzazione
Metallo enzymes; Bioinorganic; Computational; Theoretic; Biovalorization
English
16-feb-2026
38
2024/2025
open
Orlando, C (2026). Multiscale Molecular Modelling Studies of Enzymes for the Degradation of NonBiodegradable and Biodegradable Substrates. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2026).
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/610657
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