Intervention in the Native and Transplant Liver in Children: An Update

Interventional radiology (IR) is rapidly expanding in paediatric care due to technological advancements and research, as well as its minimal invasiveness compared to surgery. New therapeutic options have been developed to manage both benign and malignant conditions refractory to medical treatments or for which surgery has failed or is not feasible, particularly regarding locally advanced liver tumours, vascular malformations and vascular tumours of the liver, lymphatic disorders, portal hypertension and complications of liver transplantation. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for the optimal management of patients, as well as for increasing the awareness of paediatricians and surgeons regarding IR. This review article will discuss the pathologies affecting both the native and the transplant liver with focus on cutting-edge devices that have significantly influenced clinical practice, gaps of knowledge, research needs and potential collaborations.